Exodus
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After the Israelites crafted a golden calf and fell into idolatry and revelry, God instructed Moses to leave the place that they had camped and go up toward the land promised to their ancestors. He declared that an angel would go before them to drive out the inhabitants of the land, but He Himself would […]
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As Moses and Joshua remained on the mountain of God, receiving instructions for the Tabernacle, the Israelites grew restless. Instead of waiting, they turned to their own desires, crafting an altar—not for Yahweh, but for gods of their own making. Seeing that Moses was taking too long to return, they gathered around Aaron, demanding new […]
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The LORD called Moses and the elders of Israel to His mountain to confirm the covenant with His people. Although Aaron and his sons also ascended, only Moses was to approach the LORD. The next morning, Moses built an altar at the mountain’s foot and set up twelve stone pillars representing Israel’s twelve tribes. He […]
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After recieving the Ten Commandments, Moses records other laws to govern his people and instill social responsibility among them. It seem that he is following Jethro’s advice as he aims to inculcate these rule of thumb on other leaders so they can judge handle minor disputes in their courts. Moses takes this guidance and formulates […]
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Three months after leaving Egypt, the Israelites arrived at the Desert of Sinai and camped in front of the mountain of God. Moses went up to God, who told him to remind the Israelites of His deliverance from Egypt. God promised that if they obeyed His covenant, they would be His treasured possession, a kingdom […]
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Jethro was an influential figure in Moses’ life, playing a pivotal role at an important juncture. A priest of Midian, Jethro initially provided Moses sanctuary when he fled Egypt to escape Pharaoh’s wrath, offering him refuge and a fresh start along with his daughter’s hand in marriage. Beyond being Moses’ father-in-law, Jethro may have also […]
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The Israelites traveled as the LORD commanded and camped at Rephidim, but there was no water. They quarreled with Moses, demanding water and expressing their frustration. Moses questioned why they were testing the LORD, but the people continued to grumble, complaining that they were brought out of Egypt only to die of thirst. The Israelites […]
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After an extended stay in the land of the twelve springs, the entire Israelite community departed from Elim and set forth toward the Desert of Sin, located between Elim and Sinai. It had been merely a month and a half since their exodus from Egypt, yet the entire community began to voice their discontent toward […]
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Just three days after narrowly escaping the jaws of death and celebrating the sight of Egyptian bodies floating in the Sea of Reeds, the Israelites were about to confront another familiar adversary—one they stubbornly refused to leave behind: their wavering faith in God, a weakness that repeatedly became their downfall. The Israelites arrived at Marah […]
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The LORD instructed Moses to tell the Israelites to turn back and camp near Pi Hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, opposite Baal Zephon. God explained that Pharaoh would perceive this as confusion, thinking the Israelites were lost and trapped in the desert. This strategy would harden Pharaoh’s heart to pursue them, allowing God to […]
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Having delivered Israel from the hands of Pharaoh, the LORD set them on a journey—both spiritual and physical—where they would not only rediscover the land of their forefathers, the land that God had promised them but also restore their lost relationship with Him. It was during this journey that God established rules of conduct and […]
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After the final plague, when the destroyer entered the households of the Egyptians and struck down every firstborn, Pharaoh summoned Moses during the night—a man he had sworn would never stand before him again without facing death. That same night, Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron and said, “Up! Leave my people, you and the […]
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As Moses stood in Pharaoh’s court, the LORD spoke to him, revealing the plan for a final, decisive plague. The LORD declared that this plague would compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites completely, even driving them out of Egypt. At midnight, the LORD would pass through Egypt, and every firstborn son would perish, from the […]
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After the devastating hailstorm, Pharaoh reneged on his promise to Moses and once again refused to let the Israelites go free. However, the LORD revealed to Moses that the delay was not merely due to Pharaoh’s stubbornness but was part of God’s greater plan. God had allowed Pharaoh and his officials to harden their hearts […]
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After enduring five devastating plagues that severely impacted Egypt’s economy, effects of three of which were still ongoing, Pharaoh remained immutable in refusing to allow the Israelites take a “three-day journey” into the desert to worship the LORD. In response, the LORD commanded Moses to warn Pharaoh of a sixth plague: a deadly disease that […]
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The LORD gave Pharaoh an entire week to respond to His warning and release the Israelites from their bondage. Despite this opportunity to repent, Pharaoh’s heart remained hardened. After seven days, the LORD commanded Moses to warn Pharaoh of a coming plague of frogs that would invade homes, bedrooms, and kitchens, affecting the entire land. […]
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After Moses voiced his frustrations to God (which only exposed his lack of faith brought on by interpreting God’s words), God responded by reminding him of the promise to redeem the Israelites. He reassured Moses that he would soon witness God’s power in leading the Israelites out of Egypt. God also reminded Moses of how […]
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After delivering God’s message to the people and gaining their support, Moses and Aaron approached Pharaoh with a message from the LORD. The God of Israel warned Pharoah to let His people go so they could hold a festival for Him in the wilderness. Pharaoh, however, questioned the authority of the LORD, and outright refused […]
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Moses expressed strong doubts about whether his fellow Israelites would believe him because he faced multiple challenges. Firstly, he felt disconnected from them, as he was not fully considered one of their own and might not be accepted. His past experience in Egypt was troubling; it ended with him fleeing for his life, leaving fear […]
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As years went by, Moses grew settled in his new life in Midian when one day, God appeared to him unexpectedly, changing the course of his life from that moment forward. Moses was tending the flock of his father-in-law, Jethro, the priest of Midian, and he led the sheep to the far side of the […]
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One day, when Moses had grown into adulthood, he went out to see his people, the Hebrews, laboring under the heavy burdens imposed by the Egyptians. As he watched, he saw an Egyptian beating one of his fellow Hebrews mercilessly. Moved by what he witnessed, he looked around carefully to ensure no one was watching. […]
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The book of Exodus begins four hundred years after the events of Genesis and reintroduces us to the tribe of Israel, who had experienced tremendous population growth and filled the land of Egypt. The story opens by listing the sons of Israel who went to Egypt with Jacob: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Benjamin, […]
The Jordan Valley 